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| Demailly, Damien; Quirion, Philippe. |
| We assess five proposals for the future of the EU greenhouse gas Emission Trading Scheme (ETS): pure grandfathering allocation of emission allowances (GF), output-based allocation (OB), auctioning (AU), auctioning with border adjustments (AU-BA), and finally output-based allocation in sectors exposed to international competition combined with auctioning in electricity generation (OB-AU). We look at the impact on production, trade, CO2 leakage and welfare. We use a partial equilibrium model of the EU 27 featuring three sectors covered by the EU ETS – cement, steel and electricity – plus the aluminium sector, which is indirectly impacted through a rise in electricity price. The leakage ratio, i.e. the increase in emissions abroad over the decrease in EU... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Emission Trading; Allowance Allocation; Leakage; Spillover; Climate Policy; Kyoto Protocol; Border Adjustment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q5. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46623 |
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| Brandão,Paulo Eduardo. |
| Abstract This paper reports on an investigation of the role of codon usage evolution on the suggested bovine-to-human spillover of Bovine coronavirus (BCoV), an enteric/respiratory virus of cattle, resulting in the emergence of the exclusively respiratory Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43). Analyses based on full genomes of BCoV and HCoV-OC43 and on both human and bovine mRNAs sequences of cholecystokinin (CCK) and surfactant protein 1 A (SFTP1-A), representing the enteric and respiratory tract codon usage, respectively, have shown natural selection leading to optimization or deoptimization of viral codon usage to the human enteric and respiratory tracts depending on the virus genes under consideration. A higher correlation was found for the nucleotide... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Codon usage; Coronavirus; Spillover; Coevolution. |
| Ano: 2018 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572018000400692 |
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| Salgado,M.; Aleuy,O. A.; Sevilla,I. A.; Troncoso,E.. |
| ABSTRACTMycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the etiological agent of paratuberculosis. In Chile, information about Map isolation from both domestic ruminant and wildlife species has been accumulating, but it has to be extended to other species. The present study focuses specifically on one wild grazing species, the pudu (Pudu puda), one of the less known South American deer considered an endangered species that shares pastures with cattle in southern Chile, where the greatest part of the country's dairy cattle population is located. Convenient samples from 3 pudus were collected from one dairy farm where Map infection had previously been confirmed in cattle. All three pudus shed the bacterium in feces and the isolates are the same type of... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Paratuberculosis; Map; Wildlife; Infection; Spillover. |
| Ano: 2015 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-09352015000501205 |
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| Chalak, Morteza; Ruijs, Arjan; Hemerik, Lia; van der Werf, Wopke; van Ierland, Ekko C.. |
| Natural enemies such as herbivores that are introduced to reduce invasive plants can spill over into nature, threaten indigenous species and impose significant costs. We develop a bioeconomic model to analyse the optimal control management strategy of an introduced herbivore that has spilled over from a managed system to a natural area. Cost-effective control strategies are analysed that reduce the spillover effects of herbivores on endangered plants species to reduce the risk of extinction and increase benefits obtained from the ecosystem. We consider two competing indigenous plant species as the representatives of the plant community. Only one of these species is consumed by introduced herbivore. We show that the optimal level of controlling herbivores... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Economics; Biological agent; Externality; Spillover; Control; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124374 |
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